Diamond Light Source - Annual Review 2022/23

80 81 D I A M O N D L I G H T S O U R C E A N N U A L R E V I E W 2 0 2 2 / 2 3 D I A M O N D L I G H T S O U R C E A N N U A L R E V I E W 2 0 2 2 / 2 3 with associated electronics have been received and each sensor has received an initial acceptance test using a demonstrator system constructed of a subset of the delivered parts. Characterisation work can now proceed. This demonstrator has also been used to verify the computing and network systems and will be used to develop and test the EPICS infrastructure to streamline the delivery of the full detector to the beamline. The Percival Project is another collaboration between Diamond and several institutions (DESY, RAL/STFC, Elettra) for the purpose of designing, developing, and commissioning a prototype of a multi-megapixel soft X-ray Detector Group Shane Scully, Detector Group Leader T he detector group continues to provide expert operational support to all beamlines and is actively involved in the design and development of multiple newdetector technologies. These newdetector systems will enhance current capabilities and provide critical improvements that will be needed for Diamond-II. The last year has been one of transition and consolidation for the detector groupwith several changes in personnel including the previous group leader, Nicola Tartoni, who has been replaced by Shane Scully. The ARC detector has now been installed in I15-1 with commissioning due to start and continue throughout 2023. This system consists of 24 modules made of electron Schottky CdTe sensors bump-bonded to three Medipix3RX ASICs per module arranged in an arc geometry and was specially developed by the detector group for the X-ray pair distribution function technique enabling faster data collection and a larger Q-range. With the Tristan 10M deployed to I19 the group supported I19’s time resolved workshop to promote the detector’s capabilities to users. The group is now developing a demonstrator for the next generation time resolved detectors using Timepix4 readout ASIC from the Medipix4 collaboration hosted by CERN. This project has developed and started testing a Timepix4 chip board. Timepix4 will build on the foundations established with the Tristan detector development and provide improved capabilities for these time resolved detectors. The XFEL hub has evaluated several detectors, including a Tristan 1M on VMXi for their X-ray emission spectroscopy project. After this successful test XFEL hub have commissioned a modified 2M version and construction has now commenced. Diamond is performing a leading role in the LEAPS-INNOV work package 2 project to develop two small 10 pixel Germanium sensors for spectroscopic applications. The first sensor from this collaboration recently underwent successful factory acceptance testing and is due to be delivered to Diamond in the next few months. LEAPS – the League of European Accelerator-based Photon Sources – is a strategic consortium initiated by the Directors of the Synchrotron Radiation and Free Electron Laser user facilities in Europe. This is an EU funded collaboration running until 2025. Since 2020, there is also a Diamond-Soleil collaboration in place to develop a 19 pixel small pitch Ge sensor for spectroscopic applications with a different layout, manufacturer and electronic chain. The group is collaborating with STFC in the development of the DynamiX ASIC to meet Diamond-II flux parameters. The aim of this project is to build a high dynamic range charge integrating area detector with hybrid technology incorporating a new charge integrating ASIC and a Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) sensor. This prototype project has started and will run until 2025. The group has recently taken delivery of a 1M Jungfrau detector system from the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) in Switzerland. The Jungfrau is a charge integrating detector capable of measuring high photon rates and incorporates a three stage, gain-switching amplifier in each pixel that can automatically adjust the gain to the amount of charge detected on the pixel. The Jungfrau sticks to the tradition of naming detectors developed at the Swiss Light Source after Swiss mountains. The work to understand the performance of the Jungfrau detector is part of a wider project to develop high performance data handling and analysis for the Diamond-II K04 Ultra-high throughput flagship beamline for MX and XChem. In the last year work with the I11 beamline and PSI on a project to upgrade the Position Sensitive Detector from the current Mythen-II sensor technology to Mythen-III was also undertaken. The existing PSD has been used by the I11 user community for fast throughput and time-resolved powder diffraction experiments for the order of ten years. Upgrading to the Mythen-III technology provides the opportunity to modify the geometry to a dual row of 28 sensors tiled such that there are no gaps in coverage, improving the scanning time by orders of magnitude by removing the need to move the PSD to cover these gaps. The new sensor module technology will provide lower thresholds through reduced noise, along with a higher rate capability, frame rate and dynamic range. Three independent counters per channel are provided enabling additional modes such as time-over-threshold, energy windowing, fluorescence suppression and pile-up tracking. To date, all 28 modules along CMOS imager with frame rates up to 120 Hz and high dynamic range. The group has received two sensor heads to date with both frontside and backside illuminated test sensors and is designing a vacuum chamber for verifying the sensor performance in beamline measurement conditions. The Detector Group supported Diamond’s contribution to STFC’s Stargazing at RAL by providing a live cosmic ray detection demonstration using one of Diamond’s Merlin detectors. X-ray Technologies Prototype Tristan 1Mmounted on the He Box of the VMXi beamline for XFEL hub testing. The Tristan sensor and readout electronics are housed in the metal rectangular box with three cooling fans in the middle of the image. Tristan is an in-house designed detector for time resolved experiments based on the Timepix3 chip. A modified Tristan 2M is now being produced for XFEL hub. Picture of the Mythen III detector module ready for acceptance testing in preparation for the I11 PSD upgrade. The module is composed of 1280 independent channels acquiring in parallel in single photon counting mode, each connected to a strip of the silicon sensor (shown on the left of the image).